AUTOMOTIVE GPS NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
          

Automotive navigation system

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A taxi in Kyoto, equipped with GPS navigation systemAn automotive navigation system is a satellite navigation system designed for use in automobiles. Unlike other GPS systems, these use position data to locate the user on a road in the unit's map database. Using the road database, the unit can give directions to other locations along roads also in its database. Dead reckoning using distance data from sensors attached to the drivetrain and a gyroscope can be used for greater reliability, as GPS signal loss and/or multipath can occur due to urban canyons or tunnels.

Contents [hide]

1 History

2 Visualization

3 Alternatives

4 Controversy

5 Road database

5.1 Contents

5.2 Format

5.2.1 CARiN

5.2.2 S-Dal

5.3 Media

6 Traffic

7 Personal information management

8 Image location information

9 Integration and connection

9.1 SMS

10 Other functions

11 Misdirection

12 Kits

13 Example Systems

14 See also

15 External links

History

Honda claims[1] to have created the first navigation system starting in 1983, and culminating with general availability in the 1990 Acura Legend. This analog system used an accelerometer to judge location, as the GPS system was not yet generally available.

Pioneer claims[2] to be the first with a GPS-based auto navigation system, in 1990.

Magellan, a GPS navigation system manufacturer, claims[3] to have created the first GPS-based vehicle navigation system in the U.S in 1995

Visualization

GPS Navigation System using TomTom softwareNavigation systems use a combination of:

top view for the map

top view for the map with the map rotating like the automobile

bird's-eye view for the map or the next curve

linear gauge for distance, which is redundant if a rotating map is used

numbers for distance

Alternatives

Mobile phones equipped with GPS capabilities may be used as an alternative to an automotive navigation system. One such example is marketed by Verizon Wireless in the United States, and is called "VZ Navigator". The system uses gpsOne technology to determine a person's location, and then uses the mobile phone's digital connection to download maps and calculate automobile routes. Other similar systems are commercially available for most phones that can connect to an external GPS receiver (via serial or Bluetooth) or have an internal receiver (like the Siemens SXG75).

Controversy

Vehicles produced by Subaru and Lexus as well as parent company, Toyota, have a "feature" in their navigation systems that lock out many of the features when the vehicle is in motion. While the manufacturer claims that this is done for safety, many users have complained that passengers are not able to enter destinations while in motion even though it is safe to do so. Additionally, drivers have complained that it is often more dangerous to pull off a highway and stop than it would be to enter a destination into the system.

Road database

Contents

The road database is a vector map of some area of interest. Street names or numbers and house numbers are encoded as geographic coordinates so that the user can find some desired destination by street address. (see Map database management)

Points of interest (waypoints) will also be stored with their geographic coordinates. Point of interest specially includes speed cameras, fuel stations, public parking, and "parked here" (or "you parked here").

Contents can be produced by the user base as their cars drive along existing streets (Wi-Fi) and communicating via the internet, yielding a free and up to date map.

Format

Formats are uniformly proprietary; there is no industry standard for satellite navigation maps. The map vendors Tele Atlas and NAVTEQ create the base map in a standard format GDF but each electronics manufacturer compiles it in an optimised, and usually proprietary format. GDF is not a CD standard for car navigation systems. GDF is used and converted onto the CD-ROM in the internal format of the navigation system.

CARiN

CARiN is a proprietary navigation map format created by VDO/Dayton that is used in a number of navigation-equipped vehicles. The CARiN pseudo-acronym stands for Car Information and Navigation.

The original system uses CD-ROM-based maps, with ISO_9660 Level 1 encoding for their file system. Maps can be recognized by the presence of the following files on the CD:

ABSTRACT

BIBLIOGR

CARINET

CARINDB

COPYRIGH

Newer derivatives also use DVD-ROM-based maps for extra capacity, and add support for long file names. Older CARiN-compatible navigation computers are not able to read the newer DVD maps, but the DVD-enabled computers are still able to read the CD-based maps.

Vehicle manufacturers using this format in one or more of their ranges include BMW, Rolls-Royce, Mini, Opel/Vauxhall, Ford, Rover, Peugeot and Renault.

After-market GPS vendors using the format include Siemens VDO, Pioneer and Philips.

CD-based CARiN maps are completely interchangeable between manufacturers, however differences in the more modern DVD maps are starting to change this.

Point of Interest information can be encoded either in the database itself (carindb), or in a separate database in a folder named 'TPD'. Encoding of GPS co-ordinates in the TPD folder varies between navigation computers (e.g. BMW HIGH vs BMW Professional).

CARiN media is sometimes referred to colloquially as "Carinet" or "CarinDb" after the names of the files on the navigation media.

Navteq and TeleAtlas are the only two companies currently producing maps in the CARiN format.

S-Dal

This is a proprietary CD-ROM-based map format created by Navteq. The applications and devices using this media are not known, even although its specifications are published on the Navteq website.

Media

The road database may be stored in solid state read-only memory (ROM), optical media (CD or DVD), solid state flash memory, magnetic media (hard disk), or a combination. A common scheme is to have a base map permanently stored in ROM which can be augmented with detailed information for a region the user is interested in. A ROM is always programmed at the factory; the other media may be preprogrammed, downloaded from a CD or DVD via a computer or wireless connection (bluetooth, Wi-Fi) or directly used utilizing a card reader.

Traffic

Some newer systems can not only give precise driving directions; they can also receive and display information on traffic congestion and suggest alternate routes. This may use either TMC, which delivers coded traffic information using radio RDS.

Traffic information can also include:

Real time data about free/full parkings

Nearest public transport lines and prices, to go to a destination, when there is a jam.

Personal information management

Automotive navigation system can include a personal information management for meetings, that can be combined with a traffic and public transport information system.

Image location information

Location information can be stored in a picture. See EXIF (exchangeable image file format) and GPX.

Integration and connection

The color LCD screens on some automotive navigation systems can also be used to display television broadcasts or DVD movies.

A few systems integrate (or communicate) with mobile phones for handsfree talking and SMS messaging (i.e. using Bluetooth or Wi-Fi).

SMS

Establishing point of interest in real-time and transmitting them via GSM cellular telephone networks using the Short Message Service (SMS) is referred to as Gps2sms.

Some vehicles and vessels are equipped with hardware that is able to automatically send an SMS text message when a particular event happens, such as :

theft or anchor drift

breakdown

The receiving party (i.e. a tow truck) can store the waypoint in a computer system, draw a map indicating the location or see it in an automotive navigation system.

Other functions

Golf Carts may have integrated GPS units tailored to specific golf courses, providing interactive course maps and live readings of distance measurements to the green.

Many systems can give information on nearby POI's (Points of interest) such as restaurants, cash machines and gas stations.

GPS replaces the radio-dispatch of some taxis in Taiwan and Singapore. A central computer tracks all vehicles in the fleet/network, and automatically dispatches the closest cab within proximity of the customer's location to answer the call. To order a cab, the customer can either talk to an attendant or enter a registered location code for systematic service. The driver would enter an ETA (estimated time of arrival) on the computer - which is relayed to the caller by a prerecorded message - at which point a confirmation can be made to accept or reject the cab.

Advanced car security systems can relay the vehicle's location via cellular phone services in case of loss or theft. It can also be used to remember where one parked a car.

Some navigation devices (map software) also store the location of known speed traps on its map database, and can alert the driver in much the same way as a radar detector as he approaches a speed trap. GPS may also be integrated into actual radar detection devices to enhance accuracy, and in some cases, implement a logic system where the system only alerts if the driver is travelling above posted speed limits, or if the driver is travelling in the direction to be 'caught'.

Misdirection

A number of road accidents have been attributed to misdirection by satnav systems. On 11 May 2007 a driver followed satnav instructions in the dark and her car was hit by a train on a rail crossing that was not shown on the system.[4] In Exton, Hampshire, local residents have erected signs warning drivers to ignore their satnav systems.[5]

Kits

An Automotive navigations systems kit generally includes:

Mini-USB sync cable

AC adaptor

Car charger

Car mount kit

Pouch

Wrist band

External GPS antenna (optional by model)

Stylus

Battery pack

Document kit

SD card with preload map

Companion CD

Navigation software CD

 Example Systems

Acer e300 series

AvMap

CoPilot (ALK Technologies)

Dynavix Mobile

Etak

Garmin

Gizmondo

Hertz Neverlost

Master Navigator Software (Sapper Oy)

Mio Technology

Navman iCN series

Pioneer

TomTom

Wayfinder Navigator

See also

Exif

Global Positioning System (GPS)

GPX

ISO 15075

Mobile data terminal

NavPix

Radio Data System (RDS).

Telematics

Traffic Message Channel (TMC)

Map database management

Point of Interest

 External links

Speed Limit Signs

Lexus is Not My Mother

Discussion of lockout / override at Jeffsstuff.com

CoPilot Live

Garmin

PS GPS receiver